©2010-24 Margaret Deuchar, Maria del Carmen Parafita Couto, Peredur Webb-Davies, Kevin Donnelly
| 39 | GAI | ti mynd i Ffrainc ? |
| PRON.2S go.NONFIN to France | ||
| you.PRON.2S go.V.INFIN to.PREP France.N.F.SG.PLACE | ||
| you going to France? | ||
| 41 | GAI | ti mynd i Ffrainc i wneud o +/? |
| PRON.2S go.NONFIN to France to do.NONFIN PRON.3SM | ||
| you.PRON.2S go.V.INFIN to.PREP France.N.F.SG.PLACE to.PREP make.V.INFIN+SM he.PRON.M.3S | ||
| you going to France to do it..? | ||
| 45 | GAI | ti isio ? |
| PRON.2S want | ||
| you.PRON.2S want.N.M.SG | ||
| do you want to? | ||
| 47 | TRA | lle ti xx ? |
| where PRON.2S | ||
| where.INT.[or].place.N.M.SG you.PRON.2S | ||
| where are you [...] ? | ||
| 52 | TRA | be ti isio bod ? |
| what PRON.2S want be.NONFIN | ||
| what.INT you.PRON.2S want.N.M.SG be.V.INFIN | ||
| what do you want to be? | ||
| 54 | GAI | ond # ti cael corff . |
| but PRON.2S get.NONFIN body | ||
| but.CONJ you.PRON.2S get.V.INFIN body.N.M.SG | ||
| but you get a body | ||
| 55 | GAI | <a ti gorod roi enw i fo> [?] . |
| and PRON.2S must.NONFIN give.NONFIN name to PRON.3SM | ||
| and.CONJ you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN give.V.INFIN+SM name.N.M.SG to.PREP he.PRON.M.3S | ||
| and you have to give it a name | ||
| 56 | GAI | a xx ti gorod torri fo fyny a stuffCE . |
| and PRON.2S must.NONFIN cut.NONFIN PRON.3SM up and stuff | ||
| and.CONJ you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN break.V.INFIN he.PRON.M.3S up.ADV and.CONJ stuff.SV.INFIN | ||
| and [...] you have to cut it up and stuff | ||
| 142 | TRA | <pryd mae xx> [///] pa bryd ti gael gwybod ? |
| when be.3S.PRES which time PRON.2S get.NONFIN know.NONFIN | ||
| when.INT be.V.3S.PRES which.ADJ mind.N.M.SG.[or].when.INT+SM.[or].time.N.M.SG+SM you.PRON.2S get.V.INFIN+SM know.V.INFIN | ||
| when's [...] ...when do you find out? | ||
| 149 | TRA | +< ti mynd i fod adre wyt ? |
| PRON.2S go.NONFIN to be.NONFIN home be.2S.PRES | ||
| you.PRON.2S go.V.INFIN to.PREP be.V.INFIN+SM home.ADV be.V.2S.PRES | ||
| you'll be home, will you? | ||
| 152 | TRA | ohCE myE GodE dau_ddeg_pedwar ti (y)n gael o . |
| IM my God twenty_four.M PRON.2S PRT get.NONFIN PRON.3SM | ||
| oh.IM my.ADJ.POSS.1S name unk you.PRON.2S PRT get.V.INFIN+SM he.PRON.M.3S | ||
| oh my God, you're getting it on the twenty-fourth | ||
| 153 | TRA | be <wnest ti> [?] gael ? |
| what do.2S.PAST PRON.2S get.NONFIN | ||
| what.INT do.V.2S.PAST+SM you.PRON.2S get.V.INFIN+SM | ||
| what did you get? | ||
| 157 | GAI | a wedyn ti cael # mathsCE dwyt +/ . |
| and then PRON.2S get.NONFIN maths be.2S.PRES | ||
| and.CONJ afterwards.ADV you.PRON.2S get.V.INFIN math.N.SG+PL.[or].maths.N.SG be.V.2S.PRES.NEG | ||
| and then you get maths, don't you... | ||
| 172 | GAI | ti gorod gwrando ar y darnau de . |
| PRON.2S must.NONFIN listen.NONFIN at DET pieces TAG | ||
| you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN listen.V.INFIN on.PREP the.DET.DEF fragments.N.M.PL.[or].pieces.N.M.PL be.IM+SM | ||
| you have to listen to the pieces, right | ||
| 173 | GAI | a wedyn # ti cael # fath â pump barCE . |
| and then PRON.2S get.NONFIN kind with five bar | ||
| and.CONJ afterwards.ADV you.PRON.2S get.V.INFIN type.N.F.SG+SM as.CONJ five.NUM bar.N.SG.[or].par.N.SG+SM | ||
| and then you get, like, five bars | ||
| 174 | GAI | a ti gorod sgwennu (y)r nodau gyd lawr a stuffCE . |
| and PRON.2S must.NONFIN write.NONFIN DET notes all down and stuff | ||
| and.CONJ you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN write.V.INFIN the.DET.DEF characters.N.M.PL.[or].nodes.N.M.PL joint.ADJ+SM down.ADV.[or].floor.N.M.SG+SM and.CONJ stuff.SV.INFIN | ||
| and you have to write all the notes down and stuff | ||
| 178 | TRA | ti gorod pitsio bob_dim [?] ? |
| PRON.2S must.NONFIN pitch.NONFIN everything | ||
| you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN unk everything.PRON.[or].everything.N.M.SG+SM | ||
| do you have to pitch and everything? | ||
| 180 | TRA | ti gorod pitsio fo ? |
| PRON.2S must.NONFIN pitch.NONFIN PRON.3SM | ||
| you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN unk he.PRON.M.3S | ||
| do you have to pitch it? | ||
| 181 | GAI | +< o't ti heb dewis naddo +//? |
| be.2S.IMP PRON.2S without choose.NONFIN no | ||
| unk you.PRON.2S without.PREP choose.V.INFIN no.ADV.PAST | ||
| you didn't choose, did you..? | ||
| 185 | GAI | a ti gorod sgwennu traethawd # am ryw ddarn o musicCE ti clywed . |
| and PRON.2S must.NONFIN write.NONFIN essay about some piece of music PRON.2S hear.NONFIN | ||
| and.CONJ you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN write.V.INFIN essay.N.M.SG for.PREP some.PREQ+SM piece.N.M.SG+SM of.PREP music.N.SG you.PRON.2S hear.V.INFIN | ||
| and you have to write an essay about some piece of music you hear | ||
| 185 | GAI | a ti gorod sgwennu traethawd # am ryw ddarn o musicCE ti clywed . |
| and PRON.2S must.NONFIN write.NONFIN essay about some piece of music PRON.2S hear.NONFIN | ||
| and.CONJ you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN write.V.INFIN essay.N.M.SG for.PREP some.PREQ+SM piece.N.M.SG+SM of.PREP music.N.SG you.PRON.2S hear.V.INFIN | ||
| and you have to write an essay about some piece of music you hear | ||
| 187 | GAI | ond ti gorod dysgu loadsE o stuffCE . |
| but PRON.2S must.NONFIN learn.NONFIN loads of stuff | ||
| but.CONJ you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN teach.V.INFIN load.N.PL.[or].loads.N.PL he.PRON.M.3S.[or].from.PREP.[or].of.PREP stuff.SV.INFIN | ||
| but you have to learn loads of stuff | ||
| 207 | TRA | ohCE yeahCE # gwyddoniaeth ti gorod # fath â +// . |
| IM yeah science PRON.2S must.NONFIN kind with | ||
| oh.IM yeah.ADV science.N.F.SG you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN type.N.F.SG+SM as.CONJ | ||
| oh yeah, it's science you have to, like... | ||
| 208 | TRA | ti (y)n mynd i wneud gwyddoniaeth yn # chwech un (fe)lly dwyt # a chwech dau . |
| PRON.2S PRT go.NONFIN to do.NONFIN science in six one thus be.2S.PRES.NEG and six two | ||
| you.PRON.2S PRT go.V.INFIN to.PREP make.V.INFIN+SM science.N.F.SG PRT six.NUM one.NUM so.ADV be.V.2S.PRES.NEG and.CONJ six.NUM two.NUM.M | ||
| you're going to do science then, aren't you, in the lower sixth, and the upper sixth | ||
| 212 | TRA | doctorCE ti isio bod ? |
| doctor PRON.2S want be.NONFIN | ||
| doctor.N.SG you.PRON.2S want.N.M.SG be.V.INFIN | ||
| you want to be a doctor? | ||
| 255 | GAI | pwy ti meddwl eith nôl fewn ? |
| who PRON.2S think.NONFIN go.3S.NONPAST back in | ||
| who.PRON you.PRON.2S think.V.INFIN go.V.ES.PRES back.ADV.[or].fetch.V.INFIN in.PREP+SM | ||
| who do you think will go in? | ||
| 288 | GAI | (o)s na de # (oe)s gyn ti fath â # ffefryn yn y tŷ # a wedyn # ti (y)n # fotio i gael rywun reallyE +/ . |
| if TAG be.3S.PRES with PRON.2S kind with favourite in DET house and then PRON.2S PRT vote.NONFIN to get.NONFIN somebody really | ||
| if.CONJ (n)or.CONJ be.IM+SM be.V.3S.PRES.INDEF with.PREP you.PRON.2S type.N.F.SG+SM as.PREP favourite.N.M.SG in.PREP the.DET.DEF house.N.M.SG and.CONJ afterwards.ADV you.PRON.2S PRT.[or].in.PREP unk to.PREP get.V.INFIN+SM someone.N.M.SG+SM real.ADJ+ADV | ||
| unless, right, have you got, like, a favourite in the house, and then you vote to get someone really... | ||
| 288 | GAI | (o)s na de # (oe)s gyn ti fath â # ffefryn yn y tŷ # a wedyn # ti (y)n # fotio i gael rywun reallyE +/ . |
| if TAG be.3S.PRES with PRON.2S kind with favourite in DET house and then PRON.2S PRT vote.NONFIN to get.NONFIN somebody really | ||
| if.CONJ (n)or.CONJ be.IM+SM be.V.3S.PRES.INDEF with.PREP you.PRON.2S type.N.F.SG+SM as.PREP favourite.N.M.SG in.PREP the.DET.DEF house.N.M.SG and.CONJ afterwards.ADV you.PRON.2S PRT.[or].in.PREP unk to.PREP get.V.INFIN+SM someone.N.M.SG+SM real.ADJ+ADV | ||
| unless, right, have you got, like, a favourite in the house, and then you vote to get someone really... | ||
| 300 | TRA | dw (ddi)m yn gwybod de os mai # fel (yn)a mae o rŵan a bod o (we)di roid actCE ar y dechrau neu # os ydy o wedi mynd # lawr yn ei hun os ti ddallt be dw feddwl . |
| be.1S.PRES NEG PRT know.NONFIN TAG if PRT like there be.3S.PRES PRON.3SM now and be.NONFIN PRON.3SM PRT.PAST put.NONFIN act on DET beginning or if be.3S.PRES PRON.3SM PRT.PAST go.NONFIN down in poss.3S self if PRON.2S understand.NONFIN what be.1S.PRES think.NONFIN | ||
| be.V.1S.PRES not.ADV+SM PRT know.V.INFIN be.IM+SM if.CONJ that_it_is.CONJ.FOCUS like.CONJ there.ADV be.V.3S.PRES he.PRON.M.3S now.ADV and.CONJ be.V.INFIN he.PRON.M.3S after.PREP give.V.INFIN+SM act.N.SG on.PREP the.DET.DEF beginning.N.M.SG or.CONJ if.CONJ be.V.3S.PRES he.PRON.M.3S after.PREP go.V.INFIN down.ADV PRT.[or].in.PREP his.ADJ.POSS.M.3S self.PRON.SG if.CONJ you.PRON.2S understand.V.INFIN+SM what.INT be.V.1S.PRES think.V.INFIN+SM | ||
| I don't know, right, if that's how he is now and that he put an act on at the beginning, or of he's gone down in himself, if you know what I mean | ||
| 329 | TRA | ti dallt be dw feddwl . |
| PRON.2S understand.NONFIN what be.1S.PRES think.NONFIN | ||
| you.PRON.2S understand.V.INFIN what.INT be.V.1S.PRES think.V.INFIN+SM | ||
| you know what I mean | ||
| 342 | GAI | ti meddwl eith o nôl i coleg ? |
| PRON.2S think.NONFIN go.3S.NONPAST PRON.3SF back to college | ||
| you.PRON.2S think.V.INFIN go.V.ES.PRES he.PRON.M.3S.[or].from.PREP.[or].of.PREP fetch.V.INFIN to.PREP college.N.M.SG | ||
| do you think he'll go back to college? [note, 'coleg' in Welsh often means university] | ||
| 344 | TRA | (doe)s dim reallyE angen chdi fynd pan ti gael gymaint â hynna o bres nag oes . |
| be.3S.PRES.NEG NEG really need PRON.2S go.NONFIN when PRON.2S get.NONFIN so_much PRT that of money NEG be.3S.PRES | ||
| be.V.3S.PRES.INDEF.NEG not.ADV real.ADJ+ADV need.N.M.SG you.PRON.2S go.V.INFIN+SM when.CONJ you.PRON.2S get.V.INFIN+SM so much.ADJ+SM as.CONJ.[or].with.PREP.[or].go.V.3S.PRES that.PRON.DEM.SP of.PREP money.N.M.SG+SM than.CONJ be.V.3S.PRES.INDEF | ||
| you don't really need to go when you get that much money, do you | ||
| 405 | TRA | ohCE ti isio fi ddod i Mudiad_Ysgolion_MeithrinCE wan ta ? |
| IM PRON.2S want PRON.1S come.NONFIN to Mudiad_Ysgolion_Meithrin now then | ||
| oh.IM you.PRON.2S want.N.M.SG I.PRON.1S+SM come.V.INFIN+SM to.PREP name weak.ADJ+SM.[or].pale.ADJ+SM be.IM | ||
| oh you want me to come to Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin [Association of Nursery Schools] now then? | ||
| 419 | GAI | yeahCE ti (we)di wneud unawd chdi eto ? |
| yeah PRON.2S PRT.PAST do.NONFIN solo PRON.2S yet | ||
| yeah.ADV you.PRON.2S after.PREP make.V.INFIN+SM solo.N.M.SG you.PRON.2S again.ADV | ||
| yeah, have you done your solo yet? | ||
| 466 | GAI | na achos [?] <oedd hi> [?] [/] oedd hi (y)n dysgu # ti gwybod fath â # RhianCE . |
| no because be.3S.IMP PRON.3SF be.3S.IMP PRON.3SF PRT teach.NONFIN PRON.2S know.NONFIN kind with Rhian | ||
| no.ADV because.CONJ be.V.3S.IMPERF she.PRON.F.3S be.V.3S.IMPERF she.PRON.F.3S PRT teach.V.INFIN you.PRON.2S know.V.INFIN type.N.F.SG+SM as.CONJ name | ||
| no because she was...she was teaching, you know, like, Rhian | ||
| 475 | TRA | ti [?] isio biscuitE arall ? |
| PRON.2S want biscuit other | ||
| you.PRON.2S want.N.M.SG biscuit.N.SG other.ADJ | ||
| you want another biscuit? | ||
| 476 | GAI | ti isio un ? |
| PRON.2S want one | ||
| you.PRON.2S want.N.M.SG one.NUM | ||
| you want one? | ||
| 477 | GAI | pa un ti isio ? |
| which one PRON.2S want | ||
| which.ADJ one.NUM you.PRON.2S want.N.M.SG | ||
| which one do you want? | ||
| 486 | GAI | ohCE ti gwybod pan mae gyn ti rywun gwrando fath â +/ . |
| IM PRON.2S know.NONFIN when be.3S.PRES with PRON.2S somebody PRT listen.NONFIN kind with | ||
| oh.IM you.PRON.2S know.V.INFIN when.CONJ be.V.3S.PRES with.PREP you.PRON.2S someone.N.M.SG+SM listen.V.INFIN type.N.F.SG+SM as.CONJ | ||
| oh you know when you've got somebody listening, like... | ||
| 486 | GAI | ohCE ti gwybod pan mae gyn ti rywun gwrando fath â +/ . |
| IM PRON.2S know.NONFIN when be.3S.PRES with PRON.2S somebody PRT listen.NONFIN kind with | ||
| oh.IM you.PRON.2S know.V.INFIN when.CONJ be.V.3S.PRES with.PREP you.PRON.2S someone.N.M.SG+SM listen.V.INFIN type.N.F.SG+SM as.CONJ | ||
| oh you know when you've got somebody listening, like... | ||
| 488 | GAI | ti (we)di cael # prawf Cymraeg fath â llafar eto ? |
| PRON.2S PRT.PAST get.NONFIN test Welsh kind with oral yet | ||
| you.PRON.2S after.PREP get.V.INFIN test.N.M.SG.[or].taste.V.3S.PRES.[or].examine.V.3S.PRES Welsh.N.F.SG type.N.F.SG+SM as.PREP speech.N.M.SG again.ADV | ||
| have you had a Welsh test, like, oral, yet? | ||
| 499 | GAI | ac xx T_G_A_U de # ti (ddi)m yn cael deud un gair o Saesneg . |
| and [...] G_C_S_E TAG PRON.2S NEG PRT get.NONFIN say.NONFIN one work of English | ||
| and.CONJ name be.IM+SM you.PRON.2S not.ADV+SM PRT get.V.INFIN say.V.INFIN one.NUM word.N.M.SG of.PREP English.N.F.SG | ||
| and [...] GCSEs right, you're not allowed to say one word of English | ||
| 503 | GAI | ond ti (ddi)m yn cael wneud [?] o . |
| but PRON.2S NEG PRT get.NONFIN do.NONFIN PRON.3SM | ||
| but.CONJ you.PRON.2S not.ADV+SM PRT get.V.INFIN make.V.INFIN+SM he.PRON.M.3S | ||
| but you're not allowed to do it | ||
| 504 | GAI | ti gorod deud <yn hynod # anodd> ["] <neu (ry)wbeth de> [=! laughs] . |
| PRON.2S must.NONFIN say.NONFIN PRT extraordinary difficult or something TAG | ||
| you.PRON.2S have_to.V.INFIN say.V.INFIN PRT remarkable.ADJ difficult.ADJ or.CONJ something.N.M.SG+SM be.IM+SM | ||
| you have ot say "extremely difficult" or something, you know | ||
| 508 | TRA | <ond timod> [?] fath â # mae xx fath â geiriau Saesneg yn slipio i_fewn ti dallt be feddwl . |
| but know.2S kind with be.3S.PRES kind with words English PRT slip.NONFIN in PRON.2S understand.NONFIN what think.NONFIN | ||
| but.CONJ know.V.2S.PRES type.N.F.SG+SM as.CONJ be.V.3S.PRES type.N.F.SG+SM as.PREP words.N.M.PL English.N.F.SG PRT.[or].in.PREP unk in.PREP you.PRON.2S understand.V.INFIN what.INT think.V.3S.PRES+SM.[or].think.V.INFIN+SM.[or].thought.N.M.SG+SM | ||
| but you know, like, xx English words do slip in, you know what I mean | ||
| 517 | TRA | +< <ti (ddi)m yn> [/] <ti (ddi)m yn> [/] ti (ddi)m yn deud xx <teimlo (y)n gyffrous> ["] nag wyt . |
| PRON.2S NEG PRT PRON.2S NEG PRT PRON.2S NEG PRT say.NONFIN feel.NONFIN excited NEG be.2S.PRES | ||
| you.PRON.2S nothing.N.M.SG+SM.[or].not.ADV+SM in.PREP you.PRON.2S nothing.N.M.SG+SM.[or].not.ADV+SM in.PREP you.PRON.2S not.ADV+SM PRT say.V.INFIN feel.V.INFIN PRT exciting.ADJ+SM than.CONJ be.V.2S.PRES | ||
| you don't...you don't...you don't say "teimlo'n gyffrous" do you | ||
| 517 | TRA | +< <ti (ddi)m yn> [/] <ti (ddi)m yn> [/] ti (ddi)m yn deud xx <teimlo (y)n gyffrous> ["] nag wyt . |
| PRON.2S NEG PRT PRON.2S NEG PRT PRON.2S NEG PRT say.NONFIN feel.NONFIN excited NEG be.2S.PRES | ||
| you.PRON.2S nothing.N.M.SG+SM.[or].not.ADV+SM in.PREP you.PRON.2S nothing.N.M.SG+SM.[or].not.ADV+SM in.PREP you.PRON.2S not.ADV+SM PRT say.V.INFIN feel.V.INFIN PRT exciting.ADJ+SM than.CONJ be.V.2S.PRES | ||
| you don't...you don't...you don't say "teimlo'n gyffrous" do you | ||
| 517 | TRA | +< <ti (ddi)m yn> [/] <ti (ddi)m yn> [/] ti (ddi)m yn deud xx <teimlo (y)n gyffrous> ["] nag wyt . |
| PRON.2S NEG PRT PRON.2S NEG PRT PRON.2S NEG PRT say.NONFIN feel.NONFIN excited NEG be.2S.PRES | ||
| you.PRON.2S nothing.N.M.SG+SM.[or].not.ADV+SM in.PREP you.PRON.2S nothing.N.M.SG+SM.[or].not.ADV+SM in.PREP you.PRON.2S not.ADV+SM PRT say.V.INFIN feel.V.INFIN PRT exciting.ADJ+SM than.CONJ be.V.2S.PRES | ||
| you don't...you don't...you don't say "teimlo'n gyffrous" do you | ||
| 519 | TRA | wellCE na ti (y)n gallu . |
| well no PRON.2S PRT can.NONFIN | ||
| well.ADV no.ADV you.PRON.2S PRT be_able.V.INFIN | ||
| well, no you can | ||
| 530 | GAI | &=laugh ohCE mae mor funnyE dadCE ti [=? chdi] . |
| IM be.3S.PRES so funny dad PRON.2S | ||
| oh.IM be.V.3S.PRES so.ADV funny.ADJ dad.N.SG you.PRON.2S | ||
| oh he's so funny, your dad | ||
| 532 | GAI | pan ti (y)n clywed ffrindiau chdi gyd yn siarad fath â Cymraeg perffaith +/ . |
| when PRON.2S PRT hear.NONFIN friends PRON.2S all PRT speak.NONFIN kind with Welsh perfect | ||
| when.CONJ you.PRON.2S PRT hear.V.INFIN friends.N.M.PL you.PRON.2S joint.ADJ+SM PRT talk.V.INFIN type.N.F.SG+SM as.PREP Welsh.N.F.SG perfect.ADJ | ||
| when you hear all your friends speaking, like, perfect Welsh | ||
| 536 | GAI | ohCE na ti (e)fo ffrindiau xx Cymraeg thoughE dwyt . |
| IM no PRON.2S with friends Welsh though be.2S.PRES.NEG | ||
| oh.IM no.ADV you.PRON.2S with.PREP friends.N.M.PL Welsh.N.F.SG though.CONJ be.V.2S.PRES.NEG | ||
| oh no you've got friends [...] though haven't you | ||
| 540 | GAI | ti cofio pan <ddoth hi at Rhodri_MorganCE> [?] ? |
| PRON.2S remember.NONFIN when come.3S.PAST PRON.3SF to Rhodri_Morgan | ||
| you.PRON.2S remember.V.INFIN when.CONJ come.V.3S.PAST+SM she.PRON.F.3S to.PREP name | ||
| you remember when she came to Rhodri Morgan? | ||
| 553 | GAI | ti mynd ? |
| PRON.2S go.NONFIN | ||
| you.PRON.2S go.V.INFIN | ||
| you going? | ||
| 566 | GAI | ohCE ti gwybod be # dw i reallyE skintCE de . |
| IM PRON.2S know.NONFIN what be.1S.PRES PRON.1S really skint TAG | ||
| oh.IM you.PRON.2S know.V.INFIN what.INT be.V.1S.PRES I.PRON.1S real.ADJ+ADV skint.ADJ be.IM+SM | ||
| oh you know what, I'm really skint, right | ||
| 569 | GAI | ti gwybod o'n i (y)n gweithio (y)n cafeCE de . |
| PRON.2S know.NONFIN be.1S.IMP PRON.1S PRT work.NONFIN in cafe TAG | ||
| you.PRON.2S know.V.INFIN be.V.1S.IMPERF I.PRON.1S PRT work.V.INFIN PRT.[or].in.PREP unk be.IM+SM | ||
| you know I was working at the cafe, right |
©2010-24 Margaret Deuchar, Maria del Carmen Parafita Couto, Peredur Webb-Davies, Kevin Donnelly